SPACE CALENDAR – SEPTEMBER

	Russia	September 11	1900	Born Semyon Alekseyevich Lavochkin - designer of airplanes and controlled antiaircraft missiles, Major-General.
	USSR	September 11	1935	Born German Stepanovich Titov - 2-nd pilot-cosmonaut of USSR, he made one space mission in 1961.
	USA	September 11	1937	Born Robert Laurel Crippen - astronaut of USA, he made 4 space missions in 1981, 1983 and two in 1984.
	USSR	September 11	1937	Aviation mill No.301 (NPO S.A. Lavochkina) created in Himki settlement near Moscow on a base of furniture factory constructed for furnishing of "Palace of Congress".
	USA	September 11	1958	10-th launch of "Navaho" intercontinental cruise missile ended with accident.
	USA	September 11	1967	"Surveyor-5" interplanetary probe made soft landing on Moon's surface in a point with coordinates 1°25' of North latitude and 25°11' of East longitude. Transmitted 18 006 pictures to Earth and determined chemistry of soil.
	USSR	September 11	1971	"Luna-18" probe crashed during landing on Moon.
	USSR	September 11	1981	Conducted the launch of "Kosmos-1305" satellite - 18-th communication satellite of "Molniya-3" type didn't take out to orbit because of accident of booster "Molniya-M"/SL-6.
	USA	September 11	1985	"ISEE-C" science interplanetary probe launched in 1978 made a flight near comet of Jacobini-Zinner on distance of 7800 kilometers from its kernel through tail of the comet.
	USA	September 11	1993	Conducted the second test flight of demonstrator model of perspective reusable booster "DC-X"/"Delta-Clipper" on White-Sands rocket range.
	Switzerland	September 12	1896	The first in the world flight of a rocket on smokeless powder of inventor W. Unge.
	USA	September 12	1940	Born Roger Keith Crouch - astronaut of USA, he made two space missions in 1997.
	USSR	September 12	1956	Conducted first launch in USSR of "R-11FM"/SS-1B/Scud-A ballistic missile from "B-67" submarine situated on water surface after 37-days protractedly storage of serviced missile.
	USSR	September 12	1959	Conducted the launch of "Luna-2" satellite.For the first time in the world it made a flight between Earth and Moon. Delivered spherical and ribbon pennons with symbolism of USSR to the Moon surface.
	USSR	September 12	1960	Issued Order of the USSR Council of Ministers to put on service "Tulpan" complex with "R-7A"/SS-6/Sapwood ICBM.
	USSR	September 12	1962	The launch of No. 1 interplanetary probe of "2MV-2" series for photography and study of Venus from transit trajectory ended with accident of the booster "Molniya"/SL-6. The probe deorbited in September, 14.
	USA	September 12	1966	Conducted launch of "Gemini-11" spacecraft with a crew of C. Conrad and R. Gordon. The crew made docking with "Agena D-11" target. For the first time in history of cosmonautics realized the experiment by creation of artificial gravity by turning of spacecraft and target connected with the help of rope. R. Gordon put out to space twice.
	USSR	September 12	1970	Conducted launch of "Luna-16" satellite of "E8-5" series. It was 6-th attempt of delivery the Moon soil to the Earth. 150 grammes was delivered.
	ESA	September 12	1985	15-th launch of the booster and 3-rd of "Ariane-3" version ended with accident on part of first stage work. Planned to put in orbit "ECS-3" satellite - appurtenant to ETSO european satellite communication organization and "Spacenet-3" satellite.
	USA	September 12	1991	Conducted 13-th launch of American the Space Shuttle " Discovery" - mission STS-48. Orbited "UARS" US satellite for exploration of ozone layer of the Earth.
	USA	September 12	1992	Conducted 2-nd launch of American the Space Shuttle "Endeavour" - mission STS-47. Astronauts worked in "Spacelab-J" laboratory under NASDA program. Japan astronaut M. Mohri was in a crew.
	USA	September 12	1993	Conducted 17-th launch of of American the Space Shuttle " Discovery" - mission STS-51, orbited ACTS communication satellite and realized explorations using "ORFEUS-SPAS" ultra-violet telescope.
	USSR	September 13	1948	Born V.G. Degtyar' - Director General of Makeyev GRTs-KBM.
	USA	September 13	1961	Conducted the first single-revolution orbital flight of "Mercury" spacecraft with a mannequin on board. The spacecraft #8 made emergency flight in April 25, 1961 reused in flight.
	USA	September 13	1977	The launch of the first experimental Western-European "OTS-1" communication satellite ended with accident of the booster "Delta" because of the explosion on 54-th second of working of accelerator "Castor-4".
	USA	September 13	1985	Conducted the interception of the satellite-target at the altitude of 450 kms. The small-sized interceptor "MHIV Brilliant" used for defeat of satellite "Solrarwind" took out in space from an aircraft "F-15C" and two-stage rocket "ASM-135".
	Russia	September 13	1996	Order #1078 of Governments of Russian Federation "About submission to ratification of the Agreement between Governments of Russian Federation and ESA about establishment in Russian Federation of constant representation of ESA".
	USA	September 14	1950	Born Thrin, Eugene Huu-Chau - astronaut, employee of laboratory of jet propulsions he made 1 space mission in 1992.
	USSR	September 14	1954	On Totskie manoeuvres droped "RDS-3" nuclear bomb by power 40 kilotons from the aircraft-launcher "TU-4A" with title Tatyana. Made the explosion at the altitude 350 meters from the Earth. 45 thousand soldiers forced to run through an explosion epicenter.
	USA	September 14	1958	Conducted the 4-th test launch of ICBM "Atlas-B".
	USSR	September 14	1959	For the first time in a history of mankind the "Luna-2" probe delivered spherical and ribbon pennons with symbolism of USSR to the Moon surface.
	USSR	September 14	1978	Conducted the launch of "Venera-12" probe for delivery of entry probe to Venus and exploration of interplanetary space.
	Russia	September 14	1997	Conducted the second launch of American owned 7 satellites "Iridium" using Russian booster "Proton-K"/SL-12. The fifth launch in the framework of creation of the first world system of mobile global personal satellite communication launched by American company IridiumLLC.
	Russia	September 15	1906	Born Lev Robertovich Gonor - one of the organizers of rocket manufacture, the first director of a plant NII-88 from 1946 to 1950.
	USSR	September 15	1927	Born Boris Nikolaevich Lagutin - the scientist and designer of rocket space technics, the general designer and director of MIT from 1987 to 1997.
	Poland	September 15	1941	Born Hermaszewski, Miroslaw - the first cosmonaut of Poland, he made 1 space mission in 1978.
	USSR	September 15	1955	Organized research organization (NII) for working of gyroscopic command devices and systems (nowadays - academician Kuznetsov NII of applied mechanics - NIIPM).
	USSR	September 15	1968	Conducted the launch of "Zond-5" satellite - seventh test flight of a complex "L-1" became second satellite realized the program. Conducted the first in the world flying around the Moon by the pilotless spacecraft with successful return to the Earth.
	USSR	September 15	1976	Conducted the pilot spacecraft "Soyuz-220" - autonomy under the program of photographing of the Earth, realized the test of a multizone camera MKF-6 (made in GDR). In structure of crew - Bykovskiy V.F. and Aksenov V.V.
	USSR	September 15	1981	12-th launch of "US-P" military satellite of passive electronic marine prospecting ended with accident of "Tsyklon-2"/SL-11" booster. Satellite named "Kosmos-1306" remained on orbit named.
	USSR	September 15	1989	Conducted the launch of "Kosmos-2044" satellite - 9-th particularized apparatus of "Bion" series for realization of biological experiments. There were monkeys Zhakonya and Zabiyaka, rats, fishes, flies, worms and other biological objects on board.
	Russia	September 15	1992	Approved a Decision of Government of Russian Federation about development of rocket space technics of class "Angara".
	USA	September 16	1949	48-th launch of a trophy missile "A-4"/SS-1/Scunner under the scientific program ended with accident - the third launch under the biological program with animals,the monkey Albert-3 perished in the missile.
	USSR	September 16	1955	Conducted the first successful launch of ballistic missile of submarine "P-11ÔM"/SS-1B/Scud-A in USSR from "B-67" submarine of the project 611 situated at above-water position.
	USA	September 16	1956	Born Kregel, Kevin Richard -astronaut of USA. He made 4 space missions in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 2000.
	USA	September 16	1959	7-th test launch of ICBM "Atlas-D" ended with accident.
	USSR	September 16	1960	Conducted 12-th launch of a geophysical missile "P-2A" developed on base "P-2"/SS-2/Sibling under the scientific program. There were dogs Pal'ma and Malek on board. The flight was successful.
	USSR	September 16	1966	41-th launch of photo spy satellite "Zenith-2" ended with accident of "Vostok-2"/SL-3.
	USA	September 16	1996	Conducted 17-th launch of American the Space Shuttle " Atlantis" - mission STS-79. This shuttle delivered about 2000 kg of different cargo and astronaut J. Blaha for the 3-rd long-time flight to the "Mir" station. Astronaut Shannon Lucid returned to the Earth.
	Russia	September 17	1857	Born Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky - scientific, inventor, founder of modern cosmonautics.
	USA	September 17	1930	Born Stafford, Thomas Patten - astronaut of USA,the general of brigade, he made 4 space missions in 1965, 1966, 1969 and 1975. The commander of the spacecraft "Apollo" under the ASTP program.
	USA	September 17	1930	Born Mitchell, Edgar Dean -astronaut of USA, he made 1 space mission in 1971, 6-th man on the Moon.
	USA	September 17	1943	Born Durrance, Samuel Tornton -astronaut of USA, he made 2 space missions in 1990 and 1995.
	USSR	September 17	1948	The first test launch of ballistic missile "P-1"/SS-1a/Scunner - Russian version of trophy ballistic rocket "A-4"/SS-1a/Scunner, ended with accident.
	USSR	September 17	1957	Korolev spoke at the grand meeting consecrated 100-th Birth Day of Tsiolkovsky in Kolonnyi Hall of a House of Soyuzes.
	USA	September 17	1959	The launch of the first navigational satellite "Transit-1A" ended with accident of "Thor-Ablestar" booster.
	USA	September 17	1961	Born Melroy, Pamela Ann - astronaut of USA, she made 1 space mission in 2000. The third woman-astronaut who became the pilot of shuttle.
	USSR	September 17	1985	Conducted the launch of piloted spacecraft "Soyuz T-14" under the program of 5-th main expedition on orbital station "Salute-7" with crew of V.V. Vasyutin, G.M.Grechko and A.A.Volkov. For the first time in a structure of crew of the spacecraft of "Soyuz" type started the 54-year-old cosmonaut - G.M.Grechko. The crew ahead of schedule returned on the Earth because of illness of V.V. Vasyutin.
	Russia	September 18	1913	Born Igor Alekseevich Merkulov - the designer of the first rocket with athodyd on second stage. The propagandist and historian of an cosmonautics.
	USSR	September 18	1930	Conducted the first fire tests of the air-petrol engine OR-1 by design of F.A.Tsander.
	USSR	September 18	1932	Born Nikolay Nikolaevich Rukavishnikov - the pilot-cosmonaut of USSR, he made 3 space missions in 1971, 1974 and 1979.
	USA	September 18	1944	Born Veach, Charles Lacy - the astronaut of USA, he made 2 space missions in 1991 and 1992.
	Japan	September 18	1954	Born Doi, Takao - the astronaut of Japan, he made 1 space mission in 1997.
	USA	September 18	1957	Conducted the 6-th test launch of "Navaho" the intercontinental cruise missile. The test was successful.
	USA	September 18	1958	The 5-th test launch of ICBM "Atlas-B" ended with accident.
	USA	September 18	1959	Conducted the launch of scientific satellite "Vanguard-3" using "Vanguard" booster.
	USA	September 18	1964	Conducted the second launch of "Apollo" model CSM spacecraft for realization of tests in orbital flight.
	USSR	September 18	1966	The 4-th launch of "R-36-Orb"/SS-9 Mod 3/Scarp the orbital missile under the program of testing of "global rockets" ended with accident. For the first time for this rocket was used the mine launcher.
	USSR	September 18	1980	Conducted the launch of "Soyuz-38" international piloted spacecraft under the program of 8-th expedition on "Salute-6" station with crew of Yu.V. Romanenko and the first astronauts of Kuba A.Tamayo-Mendez.
	USSR	September 18	1982	Conducted the launch of "Progres-15" the cargo transport spacecraft for supply of "Salute-7" orbital station.
	USSR	September 19	1931	Born Vladimir Yakovlevich Khil'chenko - the military investigator of rocket space technics, colonel, the deputy chief of department of space vehicle GUKOS from 1970 to 1986, since 1986 he works the deputy chief of department of TsSKB.
	USSR	September 19	1931	Conclude the treaty about development of liquid-propellant jet engine OR-2 between Tsander the chairman of GIDR and OSOAVIAKhIM.
	USSR	September 19	1936	Tsiolkovsky's memorial House-museum was opened in Kaluga town.
	USA	September 19	1957	Born Linnehan, Richard Michael 'Rick' - the astronaut of USA, he made 2 space missions in 1996 and 1998.
	USSR	September 19	1958	Conducted the launch of "R-5A"/SS-3/Shyster the geophysical missile. During the launch realized the experiment "a natrium comet" with natrium outburst for detection of object on large remoteness from the Earth during the future flights to the Moon.
	USA	September 19	1958	The first "Tor" rocket was transferred to the English air forces and added to arsenal of 77-th squadron of strategic rockets.
	USSR	September 19	1961	10-th test launch of ICBM "R-9"/SS-8/Sasin ended with accident.
	USA	September 19	1961	The director of NASA J.Webb declared about creation of Center piloted spacecrafts NASA near Houston. It is L.B.Jonson Space center NASA now.
	USA	September 19	1968	The first launch of "Intelsat" communication satellite of third generation appurtenant to international concern "Intelsat" ended with accident of "Delta-M" booster.
	USSR	September 19	1972	Conducted the launch of "Kosmos-520" satellite - the first satellite "Oko", in the framework of development of the national program of a system of the prevention of a rocket attack of first echelon.
	USSR	September 19	1978	Approved a Decision of Soviet of Ministers of the USSR about construction of a residential complex for cosmonauts in Khovanka street in region of VDNKh in Moscow.
	Izrael	September 19	1988	Conducted the first launch of "Ofeg-1" experimental satellite with the help of the "Shavit" booster in Izrael. Izrael is 8-th country in the world which realized launch of satellite independently.
	USA	September 20	1951	Conducted the successful launch of "Aerobee" the high-altitude rocket under the scientific program. For the first time the vehicle of USA with animals returned on the Earth successfully. There were 11 mice and Albert-6 monkey on board. The monkey was perished.
	USA	September 20	1956	Conducted the first test launch of "Jupiter-C" ballistic missile by design of Verner fon Brown. Head of the missile mounted on 1094 kms and flew 5310 kms. If the 4-th stage of the rocket had been with fuel, probably, it would have reached the orbit. Referring to this launch as to attempt of launch of satellite, S.P.Korolev achieved the decision about creation and launch of own satellite "PS".
	USA	September 20	1957	Conducted the fouth test launch of "Thor" ballistic missile is realized.
	USA	September 20	1960	Born Pawelczyk, James A. - the astronaut of USA, he made 1 space mission in 1998.
	USA	September 20	1963	The statement of D.F.Kennedy President in U.N.O. with the proposal about joint flight on the Moon.
	USA	September 20	1966	Conducted the second launch of "Surveyor-2" the regular satellite for testing landing on the Moon surface. The soft landing wasn't successful.
	USSR	September 20	1969	Opened pavilion "Kosmos" on VDNKh, in Moscow. There is the "Vostok" booster on the area before the pavilion.
	USSR	September 20	1970	Conducted the soft landing of "Luna-16" probe on the Moon surface and for the first time made automatic scooping of the soil.
	USA	September 20	1979	Conducted the launch of "NEAO-3" the scientific astronomical observatory for registration of x-ray and gamma-radiation.
	India	September 20	1993	The first test launch of "PSLV" the new Indian booster ended with accident. Planned launch of "IRS-1E" the national satellite for remote probing of the Earth.