SPACE CALENDAR – JULY

	Russia	July 21	1898	Was born Genrikh Erickhovich Langemak – Designer of the first jet rockets, Chief engineer of RNII-NII# 3 NKOP since 1934 until 1937. Got death penalty during mass repressions in 1938.
	Russia	July 21	1905	Was born Andronik Gevondovich Iosiphyan famous scientist, founder of VNIIEM, Chief Designer of the space meteorological system "Meteor ".
	USA	July 21	1961	Astronaut V. Grissom made 2-d sub orbital flight on "Mercury-4" spacecraft
	USA	July 21	1961	4-th launch of the photo spy satellite Keyhole of the "Corona" family ended up with accident of a "Thor-Agena B" booster.
	USSR	July 21	1965	Issued order of the USSR Soviet of Ministers to put on duty ICBM "R-9A"/SS-8/Sasin with ground launch pad "Dolina" and "Desna-B " silo launch pad.
	USSR	July 21	1967	Issued order of the USSR Soviet of Ministers to put on duty ICBM "UR-100"/SS-11 Mod1/Sego.
	USSR	July 21	1967	Issued order of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and Soviet of Ministers to put on service ICBM "R-36"/SS-9 Mod 1/Scarp.
	USSR	July 21	1967	32-th launch of the photo spy satellite of the second generation "Zenit-4" ended up with accident of the 3-d stage "Voskhod "/SL-4.
	USSR	July 21	1967	Issued order of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and USSR Soviet of Ministers to put on duty space complex "Zvezda"/"7K-VI" in 1968 and to start development of small research orbital space station.
	USSR	July 21	1970	75-th launch of the photo spy satellite of second generation "Zenit-4" ended up with accident of "Voskhod"/SL-4 booster.
	USSR	July 21	1973	Conducted launch of the "Interplanetary probe Mars-4" – program fulfilled partially. Spacecraft flew by planet on the distance 22000 km. Photographing of the planet was done.
	USSR	July 22	1930	Born Yury Petrovich Artukhin – USSR Pilot-cosmonaut, made 1 space flight in 1974.
	USSR	July 22	1951	Conducted launch of a geophysical rocket "R-1A"/"A-1A"/SS-1a/Scunner under program of the Russian Academy of Science. Dogs onboard Dezik and Tsyygan made flight to the 101 km distance for the first time.
	USA	July 22	1962	Attempt to launch "Mariner-1" for Venus failed with "Atlas Agena-B" booster on the 290-th second of flight.
	USSR	July 22	1971	Launch of the "Kosmos -3M"/SL-8 with 12-th radio electronic reconnaissance satellite for global observations ended with failure "Tcelina-O".
		July 22	1972	Conducted successful landing of the landing capsule of "Venera-8" followed by 50 min 11 sec work on the Venus surface. Significant amount of the scientific data has been received.
	USSR	July 22	1987	Conducted launch of "Soyuz TM-2" with First international visiting crew for Mir space station. Crew – A.S. Viktorenko, A.P. Aleksandrov and First Syrian cosmonaut M.Fares.
	USSR	July 22	1987	Conducted launch of remote sensing "Kosmos -1870" satellite – second satellite designed on the base of orbital station Almaz.
	USA	July 23	1927	Born See, Elliot McKay, Jr. – USA unflown astronaut, passed away on the 28-th February 1966 while preparation to "Gemini-9" flight.
	USSR	July 23	1941	Successful test of the first multiple rocket launch systems "BM -13", produced by "Kompressor" plant designed by Special Design Bureau of V.P. Barmin
	USA	July 23	1958	Conducted third launch of "Thor-Able" rocket aimed on testing of thermal protection of war head of ICBM "Atlas".
	USSR	July 23	1959	Organized Serial Design Department ¹ 25 at aircraft plant ¹1 in Samara city for production of "R-7"/SS-6/Sapwood with D.I. Kozlov as Chief, since 1996 – "State Scientific and Production Rocket Space Center "TcSKB-Progress".
	USSR	July 23	1969	Conducted first successful test of ICBM "UR-100M"/SS-11 Mod2/Sego.
	USSR	July 23	1969	23-d launch of satellite for alignment of radars of Anti Aircraft Defense and control of space launches ended with accident of "Kosmos -2M"/SL-7 booster.
	USA	July 23	1972	Conducted first experimental remote sensing satellite "Landsat-1/ERTS-1".
	USSR	July 23	1980	Conducted launch "Soyuz-37" with 7-th visiting crew for "Salyut-6" space station. Crew V.V. Gorbatko and 1-st Vietnamese cosmonaut Fam Tuan.
	USSR	July 23	1982	12-th launch of "Ekran" satellite for TV broadcast ended with accident of the 1-st stage of "Proton-K"/SL-12 booster.
	USSR	July 23	1985	First rocket unit with ICBM "RT-2SM"/SS-25A/Sickle as part of mobile complex "Topol'" put on duty near Ioshkar-Ola city.
	USA	July 23	1999	Conducted 26-th launch of Space Shuttle "Columbia" – mission STS-93, brought to orbit X-ray observatory "Chandra".
	USSR	July 24	1926	Born Gai Il'ich Severin – designer of aircraft and space life support systems, academician of the Russian Academy of Science, since 1989 Chief Designer of NPP "Zvezda".
	USSR	July 24	1941	Signed Order about creation of Omsk plant NKAP ¹166, since 1975 re-named as PO "Polet".
	USA	July 24	1950	Conducted launch of experimental rocket "Bumper-8" from Cape Canaveral – this is first launch from future space range.
	USSR	July 24	1956	Finished preliminary design of satellite "Object-D"/3-d Soviet satellite by NII-8.
	USA	July 24	1975	"Apollo" spacecraft made ocean landing, ending whole "Apollo" program.
	USSR	July 24	1979	Crew from space complex space station "Salyut-6" and "Soyuz-32" spacecraft V.A. Lyakhov and V.V. Ryumin made first mapping of Milky way and different regions of the Earth by radio telescope KRT-10.
	International	July 24	1997	Order of Government of the Russian Federation ¹1049 "About exchange of notes with USA with acceptation of cooperation".
	USA	July 25	1932	Born Weitz, Paul Joseph – astronaut of the US, made 2 space missions in 1973 and 1983.
	USA	July 25	1957	Born Bursch, Daniel Wheeler – astronaut of the US, made 3 space missions in 1993, 1994 and 1996.
	USA	July 25	1958	First attempt to launch "NOTS-1" satellite from board of fighter F4D and small booster "Notsnic".
	USA	July 25	1960	Starting of the development of Moon human landing program "Apollo".
	USSR	July 25	1961	Conducted 6-th test launch of ICBM "R-9"/SS-8/Sasin.
	USA	July 25	1962	Conducted 4-th test launch of ICBM"Titan-2".
	USA	July 25	1972	NASA publicly announced that Rockwell International company assigned as Primary Contractor for development "Space Shuttle".
	USSR	July 25	1973	Conducted launch of interplanetary probe "Mars-5" for continuation of studies of Mars from its orbit.
	USSR	July 25	1984	Vladimir Djanibekov and Svetlana Savitskaya made EVA. First EVA done by woman.
	USSR	July 25	1991	Opened in Moscow first commercial satellite communication line.
	Russia	July 25	1996	Conducted 3-d test launch of ICBM "RT-2SM2"/SS-25B/Sickle from strategic complex "Topol'-M".
	USSR	July 26	1947	Issued Order of USSR Soviet of Ministers to start test launches of trophy rockets "A-4"/SS-1/Scunner.
	USA	July 26	1949	Born Shepherd, William McMichael – astronaut of the US, made 4 space missions in 1988, 1990, 1992 and 2000. Commander of the First main expedition to the ISS.
	USA	July 26	1951	Born McArthur, William Surles, Jr. – astronaut of the US, made 3 space mission in 1993, 1995 and 2000.
	USSR	July 26	1954	Conducted 3-d launch of geophysical rocket under program of the USSR Academy of Science "R-1D"/SS-1a/Scunner with dogs Ryyzhik and Damka onboard.
	USA	July 26	1958	Conducted launch of "Explorer-4" probe, first probe for Solar research with the help of "Juno-I" booster.
	USA	July 26	1963	Launch of communication satellite "Syncom-2" (2-d satellite for geo-synchronous orbit) failed.
	USA	July 26	1971	Conducted launch of "Apollo-15" with 4-th crew to the Moon D. Scott, A. Worden and J. Irwin. Rover was used for the first time on the Moon surface.
	Russia	July 27	1859	Born Ivan Vsevoldovich Mezherskiiy -scientist in the field of theoretic and applied mechanics, theory of body movement with variable mass.
	USSR	July 27	1944	Issued Decision of Presidium of USSR Supreme Soviet (Protocol ¹18) to release early S.P. Korolyov from prison and to expunge his conviction.
	USSR	July 27	1946	Born Toktar Ongarbayevich Aubakirov – USSR Pilot-cosmonaut, First Kazakh cosmonaut, made 1 space mission in 1991.
	USA	July 27	1961	Born Burbank, Daniel Christopher – astronaut of the US, made 1 space mission in 2000.
	USSR	July 27	1976	Conducted launch of "Intercosmos-16" spacecraft for Solar research in X-ray and UV bands in minimum of solar activity cycle in framework of international cooperation.
	USSR	July 27	1987	Put on service topographic spacecraft for detailed reconnaissance "Kometa".
	USSR	July 27	1988	Launch of 39-th remote sensing spacecraft "Resurs F-1" ended with accident of "Soyuz-U"/SL-4.
	Russia	July 27	1992	Conducted launch of "Soyuz TM-15" with 12-th main mission to the space station Mir with A.Ya. Solov'yev, S.A. Avdeyev and French astronaut M. Tognini.
	USSR	July 28	1920	Born Vsevolod Sergeyevich Avduevskiiy – scientist in system analysis of rocket and space technology, aeromechanics of big velocity, thermal exchange and combustion theory.
	USA	July 28	1959	Conducted 4-th test launch of ICBM "Atlas-D" which became 1-st successful launch of the booster.
	USSR	July 28	1960	Launch of spacecraft "1K ¹1" of Vostok family ended with accident of "Vostok"/SL-3 booster. Dogs Lisichka nad Chaika perished.
	USSR	July 28	1961	By order of the USSR Minister of Defense antiaircraft missile complex "Neva"/C-125/SA-3A Mod 0/Goa put on service at Anti Aircraft Defense unit.
	USA	July 28	1961	Born Parazynski, Scott Edward -astronaut of the US, made 3 space missions in 1994, 1997 and 1998.
	USA	July 28	1964	Conducted launch of USA Lunar hard landing probe "Ranger-7" before 15 minutes of meeting Lunar surface TV camera made 4000 images of the Moon.
	USSR	July 28	1965	Issued Decision of the Military-Industrial Commission of the USSR Highest Soviet of Economy ¹156 "About production of spacecrafts- satellites Voskhod". Production deadlines of spacecrafts "Voskhod": ¹5, 6 and 7 – October, November and December 1965, ¹8 and 9 – February and March 1966. It was planned to have long duration space flight (up to 15 days) of 2-members crew.
	USA	July 28	1973	Conducted launch of "Apollo" spacecraft with 2-d Main Expedition to the orbital space station "Skylab" with A. Bean, O. Garriott, J. Lousma Established new record of long duration flight – 59 days 11 hours 9 min 4 sec.
	Russia	July 29	1900	Born Mickhail Klavdievich Tikhonravov – Doctor of Science, Professor, Colonel, was Head of Department at Sergey Korolyov's OKB-1.
	USA	July 29	1950	Conducted experimental launch of "Bumper-7" rocket from Cape Canaveral – launch of second rocket from territory of future space range.
	USSR	July 29	1951	Conducted first sub-orbital launch of rocket "R-1B"/"A-1A"/SS-1a/Scunner under science program of the Academy of Science. With two dogs onboard Dezik and Lisa. Dogs died because parachute did not open.
	USA	July 29	1955	The US President D.Eisenhower announced plans to launch first satellite in 1957-1958.
	USA	July 29	1958	Organized National Aeronautics & Space Administration – NASA for centralizing of activities for studies of outer space.
	USA	July 29	1960	Launch of "Mercury" spacecraft ¹4 within sub-orbital trajectory ended with "Atlas-D" accident on 65-th second of flight.
	Great Britain	July 29	1971	Second attempt to launch national satellite ended with accident of "Black Arrow" booster.
	USSR	July 29	1972	Launch of orbital station "Salyut-2"/DOS-2 ended with accident of the 2-d stage of "Proton-K"/SL-13.
	USSR	July 29	1974	Conducted launch for the first time for the geo-stationary orbit of interregional communication satellite of the 1st generation "Molniya".
	USA	July 29	1985	Conducted 8-th Space Shuttle mission "Challenger" – mission STS-51F. Crew made research in "Spacelab-2" laboratory. For the first time, during insertion of Space Shuttle to orbit, on the 345-th second of the flight, one from three main engines switched off and Space Shuttle was inserted to the orbit by 2 SSME engines.
	International	July 29	1992	Signed agreement in Moscow between RKA and CNES for cooperation in space.
	USA	July 29	1998	Conducted first test of Russian liquid engine RD-180 as part of "Atlas-3" booster of Lockheed Martin company in Marshall Space Flight Center.
	USA	July 30	1946	Conducted 8-th launch of trophy German rocket "A-4"/SS-1/Scunner under science program.
	USSR	July 30	1953	Born Alexander Nikolayevich Balandin USSR Pilot-cosmonaut. Made 1 space mission in 1990.
	USSR	July 30	1961	Conducted 7-th test launch of the ICBM "R-9"/SS-8/Sasin.
	USSR	July 30	1962	Born Vladimir Nikolayevich Dezhurov – USSR Pilot-cosmonaut, made 1 space mission in 1995.
	USA	July 30	1965	Conducted unmanned orbital flight of command mock-up module CSM KK "Apollo", and inserted to orbit experimental satellite "Pegasus-3".
	USSR	July 30	1974	Formed 2 independent companies on the base of Kuibyshev (now Samara city) Branch of TcKBEM – Central Special Desing Bureau (TcKB) with Chief Designer D.I. Kozlov and Volzhskiiy Branch of NPO "Energiya" ¹3 with B.G. Penzin as Chief.
	USSR	July 31	1957	Conducted first attempt to launch of the ICCM "Burya"/A-350 produced by OKB-301 with chief Designer Lavochkin. Missile stayed on the launch pad.
	USA	July 31	1987	NASA released contract to build Space Shuttle "Endeavor" to replace Space Shuttle "Challenger ".
	USA	July 31	1992	Conducted 12-th launch of Space Shuttle "Atlantis" – STS-46, mission. First astronaut of Switzerland C.Nicollier and First astronaut of Italy F. Malerba were onboard.
	Russia	July 31	1996	Conducted launch of the space cargo spacecraft "Progress M-32" for Mir space station supply.