SPACE CALENDAR – JULY

	Russia	July 11	1910	Was born Vernov Sergey Nikolaevich – scientist in the space research, physicist and academician of the Russian Academy of Science. Participant of a discovery of external radiation belts of the Earth.
	USSR	July 11	1936	Born Vladimir Sergeevich Rachuk – General Director of KBKhA (KB KhimAvtomatika, Voronezh), which developing rocket engines, Doctor of Science.
	USSR	July 11	1940	Born Vyacheslav Vasilevich Bulavkin – Director General of NPO Technomash, Doctor of Science, Professor, and Vice-president of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after Konstantin Tciolkovsky.
	USA	July 11	1950	Born DeLucas, Lawrence James -astronaut of the US. Made 1 space mission in 1992.
	USSR	July 11	1956	Issued Order of the Soviet Government about development of geophysical rocket "R-11A"/A-11A on the base of the ballistics missile "R-11"/SS-1b/Scud-A for the International Geophysical Year.
	USA	July 11	1962	Made 3-d test launch of the ICBM "Titan-2".
	USA	July 11	1962	NASA approved "Apollo" plan of the human flight to the Moon with landing of two astronauts.
	USSR	July 11	1964	Conducted launch scientific spacecrafts "Elektron-3" and "Elektron-4" for research of radiation belts of the Earth.
	USSR	July 11	1974	Launch of the 68-th spacecraft aimed for test of radars of the Anti Aircraft Defense and means of control of space launches ended up with accident of booster "Kosmos-2M"SL-7.
	USSR	July 11	1975	Launched meteorological satellite "Meteor-2" – First spacecraft of the second generation.
	USA	July 11	1979	77-tons space station "Skylab" fall down on the territory of the northern Australia.
	USSR	July 11	1990	Conducted launch of space astrophysical observatory "Gamma" for research in high-energy astrophysics.
	USSR	July 12	1957	Second test launch ICBM "R-7"/SS-6/Sapwood ended up with accident on a 33-d second of the flight.
	USA	July 12	1957	Born Husband, Rick Douglas -USA astronaut made 1 space mission in 1999.
	USSR	July 12	1962	Because of Caribbean crisis firs military ship with hidden ballistic missiles "R-12"/SS-4/Sandal was sent from Odessa (USSR) to Cuba.
	USSR	July 12	1965	Put on service photo spy satellite of the second generation "Zenit-4".
	USSR	July 12	1972	"Intersputnik" satellite communication system started its operation.
	USSR	July 12	1988	Conducted launch of the interplanetary probe "Phobos-2" for studies of Mars satellites. Flight program failed because of wrong command from mission control center.
	Russia	July 12	2000	Conducted launch of the 3-d module of the ISS "Zvezda".
	USSR	July 13	1934	Born Aleksey Stanislavovich Yeliseyev – USSR Pilot-cosmonaut, made 3 space missions – two in 1969 and one in 1971.
	USA	July 13	1948	First test flight of the experimental rocket ended with accident.
	USA	July 13	1950	Born Nelson, George Driver 'Pinky' -astronaut of the US. Made 3 space missions in 1984, 1986 and 1988.
	USSR	July 13	1955	Issued Order of the USSR Council of Ministers to put on service strategic missile "R-11"/SS-1b/Scud-A.
	USSR	July 13	1962	First test launch from silo of the ICBM "R-16U"/SS-7 Mod 3/Saddler ended with accident.
	USSR	July 13	1965	29-th launch of first generation photo spy satellite "Zenit-2" ended with accident of "Vostok-2"/SL-3 booster.
	USSR	July 13	1969	Conducted launch of the interplanetary probe "Luna-15" – second attempt to get back Moon soil with the help of spacecraft "E8-5" ended up with accident, spacecraft fall down of the Moon service on the 20th of July.
	International	July 13	1976	Signed intergovernmental agreement in the framework "Intercosmos program" about cooperation in space and use of outer space for peaceful purposes.
	India	July 13	1988	Second launch of the "ASLV" booster with satellite "SROSS-B" ended up with accident.
	Russia	July 13	1992	Conducted launch of the 4 satellites "Gonetc" of the orbital system "Strela-3" for the Main Spy Department of the Russian Army Headquarters and 2 commercial communication satellites "Gonetc-D". Started construction of the orbital commercial system "Gonetc".
	CØA	July 13	1995	Conducted 21-st launch of the Space Shuttle "Discovery" – mission STS-70, brought to orbit relay satellite "TDRS-G".
	USSR	July 14	1932	By order of Central Soviet OSOAVIAKhIM defined main tasks and structure of MosGIRD Sergey Korolyov by this order was assigned as Chief of GIRD from 1-st of May 1932.
	USA	July 14	1936	Born Overmyer, Robert Franklyn -astronaut of the US. Made 2 space missions in 1982 and 1985.
	USSR	July 14	1941	Battery of multiple rocket launch system BM-13, lead by captain I.A. Flerov, had its first battle near Orsha city. Attack showed high efficiency of multiple launch of 132 mm 112 shells.
	USA	July 14	1967	Conducted launch of "Surveyor-4" for testing landing on the Moon surface. On the 17-th of July spacecraft crashed while landing on Moon surface.
	USSR	July 14	1968	Accident happened while preparation to a launch of a spacecraft "7K-L1" of the L1 complex in "Proton -K"/SL-12 booster. Booster was de-assembled.
	USA	July 14	1977	Conducted launch of the first Japanese meteorological satellite "Himavari-1"/GMS-1 by the US booster "Delta".
	USA	July 14	1978
	USA	July 14	1980	Launch of the "Thor-Burner II" booster with military sattelite "DMSP-5D" for meteorological research ended with accident.
	Russia	July 14	1994	Conducted launch of the "Nadezhda-4" spacecraft as part of the International Rescue system KOSPAS/SARSAT.
	USSR	July 15	1957	Colonel M.G. Grigori'yev signed order ¹1 to be a Chief of the "Angara" range . This day is the day of beginning of construction of cosmodrome Plesetck.
	USSR	July 15	1963	Issued order of the USSR Council of Ministers to put on service ICBM "R-16U"/SS-7 Mod 3/Saddler complex "Sheksna -A".
	USSR	July 15	1975	Conducted launch of the manned spacecraft "Soyuz-19", in the framework of the Soviet-American program "ASTP ". Crew A.A. Leonov and B.N. Kubasov.
	USA	July 15	1975	Conducted launch of the "Apollo" in the framework of the Soviet-American program "ASTP". Crew: T. Stafford, V. Brand, D.Slayton.
	USSR	July 15	1998	Registered Information Publisher House "Novosti Kosmonavtiki" (Cosmonautics News) the leading publisher in Russia writing about worldwide space programs
	Russia	July 15	2000	Conducted launch of the two ESA spacecrafts "Cluster-2/Samba" and "Cluster-2/Salsa" by the "Soyuz-U-Fregat"/SL-4 booster for studies of Solar-terrestrial interactions, solar wind and processes in the Earth's magnetosphere.
	USA	July 16	1945	First nuclear bomb test done in the history of humankind.
	USA	July 16	1959	Failed attempt to launch spacecraft "Explorer" of S1 booster by "Juno-II" booster.
	USSR	July 16	1965	By first test launch of new booster "UR-500"/"Proton"/SL-9 scientific spacecraft "Photon-1" for research in nuclear and space physics.
	USA	July 16	1969	Conducted launch of the "Apollo-11" with crew N. Armstrong, E. Aldrin, M. Collins. Astronauts N. Armstrong, E. Aldrin conducted human landing on the Moon surface.
	USA	July 16	1973	Launch of "ITOS-E" satellite from the NOAA meteorological network ended up with accident of the kick stage of "Delta" booster.
	China	July 16	1990	Conducted first test launch of the new powerful booster "CZ-2E" with mock-up of "Aussat-B" spacecraft and Pakistan "Bard-1" satellite.
	Russia	July 16	1997	President of the Russian Federation signed the Order about Military Space Forces to be included into Rocket Forces (in 2001 Military Space Forces received back status of independent forces of the Russian Army).
	Russia	July 16	1999	Launched cargo spacecraft "Progress M-42" for Mir station supply.
	USA	July 17	1959	Born Kavandi, Janet Lynn – the USA astronaut, made 2 space missions in 1998 and 2000.
	USSR	July 17	1975	Docking, for the first time, of 2 manned spacecrafts from 2 states "Soyuz-19" – USSR and "Apollo" – USA in the framework of the ASTP program.
	USSR	July 17	1977	Conducted launch of "Kosmos -929" – first unmanned spacecraft of the new TKS family aimed on delivery of the 3 members crew for an orbital station Almaz.
	USSR	July 17	1984	Conducted launch of the spacecraft "SoyuzT-12" with the 4-th visiting crew to the orbital station "Salyut -7". Crew V.F. Dzhnaibekov, S.Ye. Savitskaya and I.P. Volk. For the first time EVA was conducted by woman – S.Ye. Savitskaya.
	Russia	July 17	1999	Conducted launch of the Ukrainian satellite "Okean-O" for studies of ice, natural resources and ecological monitoring by "Zenit-2"/SL-16 booster.
	USSR	July 18	1921	Was born Glenn, John Herschel, Jr. – First USA astronaut, made 2 space flights in 1962 and 1998. The most senior man ever has been to space- 77 years. Member of the USA Senate.
	USSR	July 18	1931	By initiative group special order is signed about creation of the Civil Bureau for Studies of the Jet Movement. Tcander was elected as a Chairman. With registration on the 20th of September by Central Soviet of OSOAVIAKhim Civil Bureau was re-named in GIRD group.
	Germany	July 18	1942	First test flight of the fighter Messer Schmitt "Me-262" based on the jet engine
	USSR	July 18	1965	Conducted launch of the "Zond-3" – second soviet spacecraft which made photographing of the night side of the Moon from flyby trajectory. Received 25 photos of good resolution.
	USA	July 18	1966	Conducted launch of the "Gemini-10" with crew J. Young and M. Collins. Crew made docking with target "Agena D-10".
	India	July 18	1980	Conducted launch of first Indian satellite "Rohini-1" by Indian booster "SLV-3" . India became 7-th country independently launching its satellites.
	USA	July 19	1943	Born Bridges, Roy Dubard, Jr. -astronaut of the US, made 1 space mission in 1985.
	USA	July 19	1946	Launch of the 7-th trophy booster "A-4"/SS-1/Scunner ended up with accident under science program.
	USA	July 19	1956	Conducted 3-d test launch of the cruise missile "Jupiter-A".
	USA	July 19	1958	First test launch of the ICBM ended with accident.
	USSR	July 19	1976	Issued order of the USSR Council of Ministers to start development of the ICBM "RT-2SM"/SS-25A/Sickle as part of the mobile complex "Topol'".
	USSR	July 19	1985	Conducted launch of the "Kosmos -1669" – cargo spacecraft "Progress" for the orbital space station "Salyut-7" supply.
	USSR	July 19	1988	Launched cargo spacecraft "Progress-37" for the Mir orbital station supply.
	USA	July 19	2000	Launched military experimental "MightySat II.1" satellite by second launch of the "Minotaur" booster.
	USSR	July 20	1941	Born Vladimir Afanas'yevich USSR Pilot-cosmonaut, made 3 space flights in 1979, 1983 and 1988.
	USA	July 20	1964	Conducted launch of "Scout X-4" booster with ion engines at the 2-d and 3-d stages for the first time.
	USA	July 20	1969	"Apollo-11" Lunar module made landing on the Moon surface with N . Armstrong and E. Aldrin who spent 21 hours 36 min on the Moon surface.
	USA	July 20	1976	"Viking-1" made soft landing on Mars surface. This is first the USA spacecraft, which reached Red Planet. Spacecraft worked on Mars surface until 11-th of November 1982, more than 6 years. Answer on the main question of mission about life on Mars was not received.
	Russia	July 20	1995	Conducted launch of the cargo spacecraft "Progress M-28" for Mir space station supply.