SPACE CALENDAR – JULY

	International	July 1	1957	Starting of the International Geophysical Year.
	USSR	July 1	1958	Ended preliminary design project of three stage booster "Vostok-L"/SL-3 on the base of ICBM "R-7"/SS-6/Sapwood, for reach of second space velocity.
	USA	July 1	1961	Born Chawla, Kalpana – astronaut of the US. Made one space mission in 1997.
	USA	July 1	1963	Born Lu, Edward Tsang – astronaut of the US. Made two space missions in 1997 and 2000.
	International	July 1	1983	Beginning of International project "Relikt" for Universe research.
	Russia	July 1	1993	Conducted launch of "Soyuz TM-17" with 14th Main Mission to "Mir" space station with the crew of V.V. Tsibliev, A.A. Serebrov and Haignere, Jean-Pierre. On board of "Mir" space station conducted 4th flight of French astronaut within "Altair" program.
	Russia	July 1	1994	Conducted launch of "Soyuz TM-19" with 16th Main Mission to "Mir" space station with the crew of Y.I. Malenchenko and T.A. Musabaev. First Russian-Kazakhstan space flight.
	Russia	July 1	1995	Approved a Decree # 925-R of Russian Government about design and development of "Rokot" space booster at Khrunichev State Research Center with "Daimler-Benz Aerospace" company.
	USA	July 1	1997	Conducted 23rd launch of STS Space Shuttle "Columbia", mission STS-94. First in the history flight with the same crew and same payload, which were during mission STS-83 (malfunction of fuel elements FC-2).
	Russia	July 2	1818	Born Konstantin Ivanovich Konstantinov – scientist, designer Lieutenant-General. He constructed for the first time in the world a firing test stand for solid motors with electro ballistic pendulum as measuring device.
	Bulgary	July 2	1940	Born Ivanov, Georgi Ivanov – 1st cosmonaut of Bulgaria. Made one space mission in 1979.
	USSR	July 2	1941	Born Yuri Mikhailovich Zhuravlev – Head of Plesetsk test range since 1993, Lieutenant-General, academician.
	USA	July 2	1952	Born Godwin, Linda Maxine – astronaut of the US. Made three space missions in 1991, 1994 and 1996 years.
	USSR	July 2	1954	Under program of USSR Academy of Science conducted high-altitude launch of first "R-1D"/SS-1a/Scunner rocket with the dogs Lisa and Ryyjik on board.
	USSR	July 2	1958	Approved a Decision of Central Committee of Communist Party and Soviet of Ministers of the USSR about design of ICBM "R-14"/SS-5/Skean.
	USSR	July 2	1958	Approved a Decision of Central Committee of Communist Party and Soviet of Ministers of the USSR # 726-346 about design ICBM "R-7A"/SS-6/Sapwood.
	USA	July 2	1959	Born Lawrence, Wendy Berrien – astronaut of the US. Made three space missions in 1995, 1997 and 1998 years.
	ESA	July 2	1985	Conducted launch of Western European probe "Giotto" under program of research of Galley comet.
	USA	July 3	1935	Born Schmitt, Harrison Hagan "Jack" – astronaut of the US. Made one space mission in 1972. He became the 12th man on the Moon and first scientist to be on the Moon.
	USA	July 3	1943	Born Thagard, Norman Earl – astronaut of the US. Made five space missions in 1983, 1985, 1989, 1992 and 1995 years. He became the 1st American astronaut who was launched onboard of Russian spacecraft and who was working on board of "Mir" space station.
	USSR	July 3	1969	Second test launch of "N-1"/SL-15 space booster ended with accident on launch pad. Launch pad was destroyed.
	USSR	July 3	1974	Conducted launch of manned "Soyuz-14" spacecraft under program of first Main Mission to "Salyut-3" space station with the crew of P.R. Popovich and Y.P. Artukhin. Mission was fulfilled in the framework of military program.
	USSR	July 3	1990	53rd launch of "Yantar-4K2"/"Kobalt" photo spy satellite of third generation ended with accident of the "Soyuz-U"/SL-4 space booster.
	Japan	July 3	1998	Conducted launch of "Planet-B" probe – 1st Japanese space probe to Mars. Japan became a third country after USSR and the USA which launched probe to Mars.
	USSR	July 4	1973	51st launch of "Zenith-4M"/"Rotor" photo spy satellite of second generation ended with accident of the "Voskhod"/SL-4 space booster.
	USSR	July 4	1980	In Moscow opened a Yu.A. Gagarin monument at the Gagarin's square.
	USSR	July 4	1989	Launched "Nadezhda-1" satellite, which belongs to international a rescue and safety system KOSPAS/SARSAT.
	USA	July 4	1997	"Mars Pathfinder" probe conducted landing on the Mars. For the first time "Sojourner" Marsokhod was delivered to the Mars surface, it was working 7 days.
	USSR	July 5	1922	Born Boris Rodionovich Aksutin – scientist, designer of on ground space-rocket complexes, General Designer TsKB TM since 1961 until 1965.
	USA	July 5	1952	Born Henricks, Terence Thomas "Tom" – astronaut of the US. Made four space missions in 1991, 1993, 1995 and 1996 years.
	USSR	July 5	1960	Conducted seventh test launch of ICBM "R-7A "/SS-6/Sapwood.
	USA	July 5	1966	Conducted second test launch of "Saturn-1B" booster in frame of "Apollo" program. During the flight conducted research of behavior of liquid in second stage tanks.
	USSR	July 5	1968	Conducted launch of "Cosmos-230" – second soviet specialized solar orbital observatory for research of solar rays in different spectral ranges.
	Russia	July 5	1997	Launched "Progress M-35" cargo vehicle for "Mir" space station supply.
	Russia	July 5	1999	36th launch of "Gran'" communication military satellite for "Raduga" high orbital communication system ended with accident of the "Proton-K"/SL-12 space booster.
	Russia	July 6	1885	Born Vladimir Andreevich Artemiev – one of the first members of GDL (Gas Dynamic Laboratory), one of engineers who were working under multiple launch rocket system BM-13/"Katusha".
	Germany	July 6	1942	Second test launch of "A-4"(V-2)/SS-1/Scunner ended with accident. Rocket fall down on the launch pad.
	USSR	July 6	1960	Conducted first test launch of ICBM "R-14"/SS-5/Skean within range of 4500 kilometers.
	USSR	July 6	1966	Conducted launch of "Prognoz-3" space station for research of high-energy space particles.
	USSR	July 6	1976	Conducted launch of manned "Soyuz-21" spacecraft under program of first main mission on board "Salyut-5" space station with the crew of B.V. Volyynov and V.M. Zholobov. Mission was canceled by crew request.
	USSR	July 6	1979	Conducted launch of "Horizont-2" satellite – 1st successfully launched to the orbit satellite for TV, radio connection, fixed and mobile communication.
	USSR	July 6	1984	1st test flight of "Bor-5" – "Buran" spacecraft mock-up in scale 1 to 8 ended with accident. Rocket plane didn't separate from a "Cosmos-3M"/SL-8 booster.
	USSR	July 7	1936	Born Yuri Sergeevich Osipov – scientist-mechanist, academician, President of Russian Academy of Science, Chairman of Inter Ministerial Space Expert Committee.
	USSR	July 7	1938	Born Alexey Leont'evich Krushko – Chairman of Baikonur cosmodrome since 1989 until 1991, Lieutenant General.
	USSR	July 7	1954	Second altitude launch P-1D"/SS-1a/Scunner with dogs Dimka and Mishka onboard under program of the Russian Academy of Science.
	USSR	July 7	1960	Successful 8-th test launch of ICBM "R-7A"/SS-6/Sapwood. Test program of this rocket finished.
	USSR	July 7	1978	Cargo spaceship "Progress-2" was launched for supply of the Orbital station "Salyut-6".
	USSR	July 7	1988	Conducted launch of the interplanetary probe "Phobos-1" for studies of Mars satellites. Program has not been fulfilled because of loosing of communication with the probe after spacecraft got to the Mars orbit. Reason of failure – wrong command from control mission center.
	Russia	July 7	1998	Conducted launch for the first time of booster "Shtil'-1"/RSM54//SS-N-23 Mod 1/Skiff from nuclear submarine K-407/"Novomoskovsk" in underwater position, for the first time German spacecraft was launched "Tubsat-N".
	USSR	July 8	1935	Born Vitaliiy Ivanovich Sevast'yanov – USSR Pilot-cosmonaut, made 2 space flights 1970 and 1975.
	Germany	July 8	1944	First battle application by German Air Force of cruise missile V-1 from aircraft-carrier He-111.
	USSR	July 8	1959	Conducted 8-th launch of geophysical rocket "R-2A" developed on the base of "R-2"/SS-2/Sibling under science program. With dogs Otvazhnaya, Snezhinka and rabbit Marphusha.
	USA	July 8	1976	Conducted first launch of a national communication satellite of Indonesia "Palapa-A1".
	USA	July 8	1994	Conducted 17-th launch of the Space Shuttle "Columbia" – STS-65 mission with laboratory IML-2 onboard, different experiments in framework of NASA-NASDA program were done. Crew included Japanese astronaut.
	Russia	July 8	1997	Conducted 4-th test launch of the ICBM "RT-2PM2"/SS-25B/Sickle as part of strategic complex " Topol'-M".
	USSR	July 9	1941	Technical design documents of the rocket interceptor "BI-1" with special technical note was sent to the Chairman of the State Defense Committee I.V. Stalin.
	USA	July 9	1943	Born Casper, John Howard -astronaut of the US, made 4 space missions in 1990, 1993, 1994 and 1996.
	USA	July 9	1946	Conducted 6-th launch of the trophy German rocket "A-4"/SS-1/Scunner under science program.
	USA	July 9	1958	Conducted second launch of the rocket "Thor-Able" aimed on thermal protection test of the head of ICBM "Atlas".
	USSR	July 9	1974	Conducted launch of the 1-st meteorological satellite "Meteor-Priroda".
	USSR	July 9	1988	9-th launch of optico-electronic spy satellite "Yantar-4KS1" with title "Terilen" ended up with accident of the booster "Soyuz-U"/SL-4.
	USSR	July 10	1922	Military Air Force Engineering Academy named after Zhukovskiiy was formed on the base on the Institute of Engineers of the Red Army Air Force.
	USSR	July 10	1940	By order of the Special Council of the USSR NKVD senior enigneer of the group ¹2 NII-3 NKOP S.P.Korolyov sentenced to 10 years of prison.
	USSR	July 10	1942	Born Petr Il'ich Klimuk – USSR Pilot-cosmonaut made 3 space flights in 1973, 1975 and 1978. Since 1991 Chief of the TsPK named after Yury Gagarin.
	USA	July 10	1947	Conducted 25-th launch of the trophy rocket "A-4"/SS-1/Scunner under science program ended up with accident.
	USSR	July 10	1958	9-th test launch of ICBM "R-7"/SS-6/Sapwood ended up with accident.
	USA	July 10	1962	Conducted launch of "Telstar-1" satellite for the first satellite transatlantic communication between USA and Western Europe.
	USSR	July 10	1963	12-th launch of the photo spy satellite of the first generation "Zenit-2" ended up with accident "Vostok-2"/SL-3.
	USSR	July 10	1982	Launched cargo transport spacecraft "Progress -14" for supply of the orbital station "Salyut-7".
	USSR	July 10	1987	Launched second spacecraft "Plazma-A" – with radar onboard and new nuclear engine "Topaz-1".
	ESA	July 10	1992	European interplanetary probe "Giotto" made flight near comet Grigg-Skjellerup on the distance of 200 kilometers.
	Russia	July 10	1998	From cosmodrome Baikonur conducted launch of the "Zenit-2"/SL-16 c with "Resurs-01" and 5 small satellites from Australia, Germany, Israel, Chili and Thailand.